Hansa Folder: There are various myths circulating on the internet about the dark web or dark web. One of them states that all movements in the dark web are really anonymous and that the FBI or other police authorities can not determine who is who.
This was widely reported in Bitcoin forums until June 2013.
Of course, there is a trace of truth: the owners of Bitcoin addresses are supposed to be anonymous, although the transactions are public and can be seen by everyone. So, if one knows who is hiding behind an address, the authorities can identify the buyer and seller in any illegal transaction.
Hansa file: No anonymity…
Earlier this year, Qatari researchers (PDF) detected 1.500 hidden services, five billion tweets and one million pages in the BitcoinTalk forum. 88 unique Bitcoin addresses and about 45.000 wallet IDs were collected. In many cases, these email identities could very easily be linked to real email addresses, social accounts and sometimes even home addresses.
The introduction was necessary for the main part of the publication. How the Dutch police authorities managed to reveal and arrest all those involved in the dark web market of Hansa.
Hansa File: Method
TNW has asked dark web police officer Nan van de Coevering to reveal the method of detecting criminals on the dark web.
Van de Coevering became head of the Dutch police's dark web department in early 2017, about six months before the team he achieves one of the greatest technological successes in the history of the police: the uncovering of one of the largest online drug markets Hansa Market.
In June 2017, the high-tech police crime team, using information received in 2016, discovered the physical location of the site's server, which was in Lithuania.
Thus began "Operation Bayonet": Police developers constructed an exact copy of Hansa. The goal was to disconnect the real server and give their own live copy of the website. So buyers and sellers would not notice anything suspicious.
Hansa File: Getting Started
"We only had a few minutes leftcutting”, recalls Van de Coevering. "But we thought they lasted forever."
The process of changing the servers took place at their headquarters in Driebergen. "We were all in a tiny room: Nine developers working frantically to build the site as soon as possible, and the rest of us there for support. It was one of the best nights of my career, but also one of the most nervous. "
Everything went according to plan. For 27 days, every transaction made in Hansa was recorded by Van de Coevering and his team. The site had about 1000 orders every day.
"International data has been transmitted to Europol," Van de Coevering said. The Dutch trading on the platform, about 500 per month, was collected for further research.
"Catching the big ones (suppliers and managers) - that was our main priority," Van de Coevering told TNW. But buyers also had problems. The police recorded their data and after the arrest of the "big ones" started an investigation business "knock and talk." With this particular operation, they came into contact with 37 Dutch people for drug purchases that they made through Hansa. One of those found to have ordered 150 ecstasy pills was taken into custody, while the others were released with a warning. “We want them to know that they are not anonymous on the dark web.”
Hansa File: Verification Identification
So how did the Dutch police manage to find out which doors to knock on? Several methods have been used to link personal identities to cryptographic transactions, Van de Coevering reports. Like Qatari investigators, the police team looked to sources in Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) for connections.
These sources can be profiles from social media, internal fundamentals criminal activity data, public records or even online newspaper articles.
“As long as you have an email address, tracking a person on the dark web is not that different from the ways we use on the traditional internet. It mostly is search and connecting the dots.”
The required logs for each transaction from US and European exchanges were particularly useful. Because they are legally bound to "know their customer" to avoid money laundering, users can only register with these services when they show some of their true identity.
From then on, whatever criminals use to cover their tracks, revealing them is only a matter of time.
The Dutch police Dark Web team often uses the software of Chainalysis, a company that specializes in the analysis of virtual currencies and blockchain in general. This program utilizes machine learning to track people on the blockchain, some of whom may be involved in criminal activity. When there are multiple addresses behind the same transaction, this may indicate that the target is receiving smaller funds and amassing them in a larger "container".
Hansa File: Results
"Operation Bayonet" was a big hit in the dark web drug markets, as it coordinated with the closing of another market: the AlphaBay.
Of course, criminal communities continue to thrive in the dark. New markets have emerged, as well as new types of cybercrime. For the Dutch police, this means that the agency must continue to evolve and innovate.
"We no longer need only good detectives," says Van de Coevering. "We need people from different backgrounds: programmers, financial analysts and cryptographers."
Van de Coevering is self-taught: "I still can't write a line of code, but I fully understand how blockchain works - an idea I never heard of a few years ago. And if I can, so can you. All it takes is time and curiosity. "
