ARPANET 50 years before the birth of the first Internet

On 29 October 1969, at 10:30 p.m. (Pacific time), the first two letters were transmitted over the ARPANET. Then the network went down. An hour later, after a few fixes, the first real remote connection between two was made .

Ήταν η πρώτη σύνδεση μέσω δικτύου, κάτι που εξελίχθηκε αργότερα στο που γνωρίζουμε όλοι μας.

ARPANET

The ARPANET project was funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency DARPA and was created to explore the technologies needed to develop a military network that could survive a nuclear attack.

But according to Charles Herzfeld, Director of ARPA who oversaw most of the ARPANET construction:

Το ARPANET δεν έγινε για να είναι μόνο ένα σύστημα εντολών και που μπορεί να επιβιώσει από μια πυρηνική επίθεση, όπως ισχυρίζονται πολλοί. Η ανάπτυξη ενός τέτοιου συστήματος ήταν σαφώς, μια μεγάλη στρατιωτική ανάγκη, αλλά δεν ήταν αυτή η αποστολή του ARPA. Στην πραγματικότητα, θα είχαμε επικριθεί έντονα εάν προσπαθούσαμε να κάνουμε κάτι τέτοιο. Αντίθετα, το ARPANET βγήκε όταν συνειδητοποιήσαμε ότι υπήρχαν ελάχιστοι μεγάλοι, ισχυροί υπολογιστές έρευνας στη χώρα και ότι πολλοί ερευνητές, οι οποίοι χρειαζόταν να έχουν πρόσβαση σε αυτούς, ήταν γεωγραφικά απομακρυσμένοι.

In his childhood, ARPANET had only four "nodes":

at the University of California-Los Angeles Network Measurement Center with the SDS Sigma 7 computer.
at the Stanford Research Institute's Network Information Center, with the SDS 940 computer running the NLS (an early hypertext system and World Wide Web precursor).
At the University of California, Santa Barbara's Culler-Fried Interactive Mathematics Center with IBM 360 / 75. and
at the University of Utah School of Computer Science with PDP-10 of Digital Equipment Corp. operating on the TENEX operating system.

These computers, instead of being directly connected, were connected via Interface Message Processors (IMPs), which were the first network routers.

This would allow additional systems to be added as nodes to the network from each with the kaito. This idea was born by physicist Wesley Clark, who also designed LINC, the world's first personal computer.

The first "letters" sent by UCLA to Stanford by UCLA student Charley Kline were actually two letters, "l" and "o".

In the second attempt, the full text of the message appeared, "login" passed through the UCLA Sigma 7 on the Stanford SDS 940 computer. Thus, the first two characters ever transferred from the precursor to the Internet were L, and O.

By the time ARPANET was first launched, it had grown considerably, but was still used primarily by researchers and military.

ARPANET worked for the army until 1990 and until then the use of the network for anything other than government operations and research was illegal.

At the time, ARPANET was largely replaced by the National Science Foundation Network (NSFnet). Although the Defense had been using its own networks on MILNET since the mid-1980s, parts of the military were using ARPANET network connections on many internal documents in the early 1990s.

When the network was shut down, Vinton Cerf, one of the fathers of the modern Internet, wrote a poem about ARPANET:

  It was the first, and being the first, was the best,
but now we are laying it down to ever rest.
Now pause with me a , shed some tears.
For auld lang syne, for love, for years and years
of faithful service, duty done, I weep.
Lay down thy , now, O , and sleep.

Without ARPANET, however, today's Internet would not exist.

iGuRu.gr The Best Technology Site in Greecefgns

every publication, directly to your inbox

Join the 2.100 registrants.

Written by giorgos

George still wonders what he's doing here ...

Leave a reply

Your email address is not published. Required fields are mentioned with *

Your message will not be published if:
1. Contains insulting, defamatory, racist, offensive or inappropriate comments.
2. Causes harm to minors.
3. It interferes with the privacy and individual and social rights of other users.
4. Advertises products or services or websites.
5. Contains personal information (address, phone, etc.).