FreeBSD is a Unix-compatible free and open source operating system that is rooted in Research Unix through Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD).
FreeBSD is a descendant of BSD, which was called "BSD Unix" or "Berkeley Unix" (in violation of the UNIX trademark).
The first version of FreeBSD released 1993, and from 2005 is the most widely used distribution of BSD, as it is installed in more than three-quarters of all systems running BSD distributions.
FreeBSD has similarities to Linux, with two major differences:
First, FreeBSD is a complete operating system, that is, it provides the kernel, drivers, utilities and documentation, unlike Linux that has only the kernel and drivers, while system software developed by third parties.
Second, the FreeBSD source code is distributed under the permissive BSD license, as opposed to the copyleft GPL license used by Linux.
Below we will see how you can install FreeBSD on your computer and how you can add it to the Linux boot menu you are using.
In my case, although I mainly use Arch and Debian for my daily activities, the boot menu I use is from Manjaro Linux. Yes, I have installed Manjaro on a small partition of the disk just because the boot menu of the distribution allows the input from the last operating system you used.
Example: My computer has Arch, Debian, Gentoo, MX distributions, and a Windows 10 installation (not to be confused with Linux).
In case I'm using Debian and doing a rerunmovement, I won't have to re-select the distro I was using from the boot menu, since Manjaro will boot to the system I was on (Debian).
Install FreeBSD.
The installation media can be used in three ways: to install FreeBSD, as a 'live CD', or simply to obtain access in a FreeBSD shell. Use the arrow keys to make a selection and Enter to confirm. After booting from the installation DVD or USB you will see the following image:
(*) live CD is not what you think, FreeBSD does not have a graphical interface.
On the first screen, press Enter and in the next (below) select Install
bsdinstall is one application installer for FreeBSD based on a text environment. Written by Nathan Whitehorn and first used in 2011 in FreeBSD 9.0.
The next screen will ask you to select the type of keyboard you are using. Choose
“Continue with default keymap”
Set up your network (IPv4, IPv6) via DHCP and proceed as normal. The installer will automatically find each wired connection.
Select hostname
In my system I chose the iguru as hostname.
FreeBSD Select add-ons
The choice of installation components mainly depends on how the system will use and how much free disk space is available. The kernel and core programs of FreeBSD (also known as the "base system" or base system) are required to be installed. Personally, I did not choose the games and ports (you need to add it later).
- doc - Additional documentation, mainly of historical importance. The documentation provided by the FreeBSD Documentation Team is installed separately at a later stage.
- games - Some traditional BSD games include fortune, rot13 and other.
- lib32 - Compatibility libraries for running 32-bit applications on 64-bit versions of FreeBSD.
- ports - The FreeBSD Ports Collection.
src
- The Source Code of the System.
FreeBSD Installation from the Network.
The bootonly installation media does not have copies of the installation files. When using the bootonly method, files are downloaded from the internet on demand.
Select mirror. Go down with the arrow keys until you find your country's URL for faster download.
Format the disc:
There are three ways to create disk space for FreeBSD. With the Guided method, partitions are automatically generated, while Advanced users can create custom partitions using the Manual method. Finally, there is also the option to boot a shell to create partitions by directly using commands such as gpart, fdisk, or bsdlabel.
Select Guided and click Enter.
You can install the operating system either on the entire disk, or on a part of it. If you select [Entire Disk], appropriate partitions will be created to use the entire disc. If you have other operating systems installed on your disk, select [Partition].
In the second case (if you proceed with [Partition], you must select the drive you want to install. Select the partition you want to install the operating system, and with the arrow select Auto before pressing Enter.
The installer will ask you if you allow it to create the boot partition, click Yes, and then Finish again.
In my case, I installed FreeBSD on the 10 partition.
Final Confirmation
Select Enter to continue. If you need to make changes, select to return to the disk processor. With the key you can leave the installer without making any changes to your hard drive.
and pressInstallation time varies depending on the distributions and installation details you have chosen, the installation media and the speed of the computer. You will see a series of messages about the progress of the process.
Initially, the installer will write the partitions on the disk and execute appropriate newfs to create the appropriate file systems.
If you are installing over a network, the bsdinstall will proceed by downloading the necessary files.
After installing FreeBSD, a set of settings follows. You can repeat any setting if you enter the corresponding option in the final menu before restarting in your newly-installed FreeBSD system.
Set up your root password
If you want to create a new user Introduction of User Information:
FreeBSD User Information
- Username - The name the user will use to log in. Typically the first letter of the first name combined with the adjective.
- Full name - The full name of the user.
- Uid - User ID. The user ID. We usually do not fill in this field to automatically select a number from the system.
- Login group – The group to which the user belongs. We usually leave it blank so that it is accepted default value or select wheel.
- Invite user into other groups? - Additional user groups to which we want the user to belong.
- Login class - We usually do not fill in this field to accept the default value.
- Shell - The shell that this user will use. In our example we chose csh (1).
- Home directory - The user's personal directory. The default value is usually the correct one.
- Home directory permissions - Permissions in user directory. The defaults are usually correct.
- Use password-based authentication? - The standard answer is "yes".
- Use an empty password? - The formal answer is "no".
- Use a random password? - The formal answer is "no".
- Enter password - The password for that user. It does not appear on the screen as we type it.
- Enter password again - The password must be entered once more for confirmation.
- Lock out account after creation? - The formal answer is "no".
Once you have entered all the information, you will see a summary and the system will ask you for their correctness. If you made a mistake during the introduction, write down and try again. If all is correct, type yes to create the new user.
FreeBSD Add to the Boot Menu of your main distribution.
In my case, I made the following addition to /etc/grub.d/40_custom of Manjaro with the nano /etc/grub.d/40_custom (as root) command.
Change the number in gpt10 and add the number of your own partition
"FreeBSD" menus {insmod ufs2 set root = (hd0, gpt10) chainloader /boot/loader.efi}
After adding, run the following command to add FreeBSD to your computer's boot menu.
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
With the above steps you will have a basic FreeBSD installation without any graphic environment. We'll see how you can install one in the next post.
FreeBSD 12 KDE Plasma installation
Source
handbook / bsdinstall-post.html
Download the image
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