The profile of the hacker

He is more a skillful craftsman than an oblivious villain, according to a new study

hacker

The image of the hackers was set to be restored by an American sociologist, judging that the perception that has prevailed in society about them is misleading. Studying their culture, he concluded that their "real self" is far from what most people imagine. We often see hackers as ingrained geniuses, he says in his related article, but a more accurate description of them is rather that they are talented, although sometimes malicious, craftsmen.

"The hacker is presented in a way as an underground digital being lurking out there ready to empty your pockets."
explains in press release ο Kevin Steinmets, Assistant Professor of Sociology, Anthropology and Social Work at the College of Arts and Sciences of the State University of Kansas. "But hacking is something much broader than that. It can also be about programming or open software hacking, hardware hacking and various types of security hacking among others".

Ethnographic study

Ενα από τα μελέτης του κ. Στάινμετς είναι η κουλτούρα του hacking και τα τεχνολογικά εγκλήματα. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό θέλησε, όπως λέει, να διερευνήσει τι ακριβώς είναι ένας hacker και τι σημαίνει το hacking. Για να το κάνει προχώρησε σε ανάλυση διαφόρων στοιχείων αλλά και σε εθνογραφική μελέτη συναντώντας hacker, περνώντας χρόνο μαζί τους και παίρνοντας συνεντεύξεις. Η απάντηση στην οποία κατέληξε είναι ότι το hacking αποτελεί μια παραβατική τέχνη της ύστερης σύγχρονης εποχής.

"The hacking emerged as a computerized, technology-oriented culture that was a bit malicious but essentially concerned with programming"
he says. "It evolved over time to eventually become a subculture of great diversity, yet we, as a society, focus only on this one pocket that emerged through the security sector. These hackers are a small but resounding minority, as a hacker once told me. ".

The hacker is a master

Mr. Steinmetz studied various characteristics of hackers: their opinions about the private sphere and personal data, their family and social background, and their perceptions of government and authorities. The main observation he made through this study was that there is a similarity between hackers and craftsmen. Specifically, as he says, a hacker and a craftsman share the following common features:
  • They have a particular mindset.
  • They emphasize skill.
  • They show a sense of ownership for the tools and objects of their work.
  • Their social and learning structures are corporative.
  • They show a deep sense of commitment.
  • They place more emphasis on the process than on the outcome.
  • They have a common phenomenological experience.
  • They have a moment of delinquency.

"Hacking wants craftsmanship and also resembles a craftsman's job"
says the professor. "Perhaps the best way we can understand it is a deceptive, technological art".

Flashback to history

According to του κ. Στάινμετς, ο όρος «χάκινγκ» κάποια στιγμή διαχωρίστηκε από την αρχική υποκουλτούρα μέσα στην οποία είχε γεννηθεί. Το χάκινγκ, όπως αναφέρει, ξεκίνησε στις δεκαετίες του 1950 και του 1960 μέσα από μια ανθρώπων οι οποίοι ενδιαφέρονταν για την τεχνολογία και τους ηλεκτρονικούς υπολογιστές. Σήμερα περιλαμβάνει μεταξύ άλλων το «χακάρισμα» τηλεφώνων και άλλων συσκευών ή την παραβίαση των συστημάτων ασφαλείας.Στις πολιτικές συζητήσεις ή στα μέσα ενημέρωσης συχνά ο όρος χάκινγκ αναφέρεται με βάση αποκλειστικά και μόνο το αποτέλεσμα, όπως π.χ. η εισχώρηση σε ένα δίκτυο, η απάτη με πιστωτικές κάρτες ή άλλα αντίστοιχα στερεότυπα, επισημαίνει ο καθηγητής. Οι αναφορές αυτού του είδους όμως παραβλέπουν, όπως προσθέτει, το γεγονός ότι το χάκινγκ αφορά περισσότερο τη διαδικασία παρά το αποτέλεσμα. Χωρίς αυτό το βασικό χαρακτηριστικό του «μάστορα», υποστηρίζει, ένα άτομο το οποίο διαπράττει ορισμένα τεχνολογικά εγκλήματα δεν είναι απαραίτητα hacker.

"If some people engage in this kind of behavior simply because they are seeking a particular result, my research shows that they can not be considered as hackers"
underlines. "To be a hacker you have to have the characteristics of a craftsman - you have to like his job and be dedicated to it".
The study was published in the British Journal of Criminology, under the title: "Craft (y) ness: an Ethnographic Study on Hacking".
Source: tovima.gr

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Written by Dimitris

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