Google's DeepMind: dopamine use from neural networks

DeepMind: Deep learning algorithms can overcome human intelligence in many ways: from image sorting, to speech reading from lips, to accurate predictions for the future. But despite their hyper-human levels of competence, they are disadvantaged at the rate at which they learn.

Some of the best mechanical learning algorithms need hundreds of hours to study and learn classic video games, something a man can learn in an afternoon. The fact may be somewhat related to neurotransmitter dopamine, according to a publication of Google's subsidiary DeepMind in Nature Neuroscience.DeepMind

Post-learning or the process of quick learning from examples and the acquisition of rules from these examples over time is believed to be one of the ways in which people acquire new knowledge more effectively than algorithms. However, the main mechanisms of post-learning are currently poorly understood.

In an effort to shed light on the process, DeepMind researchers in London modeled human physiology using a recurrent neural network, a type of neural network that is able to internalize past actions and observations and derive learning from those experiences. The system, which mathematically optimizes the algorithm over time through trial and error, is said to dopamine, a chemical in the brain that affects emotions, movements, sensations of pain and pleasure, and plays a key role in the learning process.

So the researchers set up a similar system in six neuroscientific post-learning experiments, comparing its performance to those of animals that had undergone the same tests. One of the tests, also known as Harlow's Experiment, had the algorithm choose two randomly selected , η μία από τις οποίες συνδεόταν με μια ανταμοιβή. Στο αρχικό πείραμα, μια ομάδα πιθήκων έμαθαν πολύ γρήγορα μια στρατηγική για τη συλλογή των ανταμοιβών. Επέλεγαν ένα αντικείμενο τυχαία την πρώτη φορά, αλλά αμέσως μετά τα who possessed the reward.

Ο λειτούργησε λίγο πολύ όπως λειτούργησαν και τα ζώα, επιλέγοντας εικόνες που συνδεόταν άμεσα με ανταμοιβές από νέες εικόνες που δεν είχε "ξαναδεί". Επιπλέον, οι ερευνητές σημείωσαν ότι η μάθηση πραγματοποιήθηκε μέσω του νευρωνικού δικτύου, υποστηρίζοντας τη θεωρία ότι η ντοπαμίνη διαδραματίζει βασικό ρόλο στη μετα-μάθηση.

The study of dopamine shows that medical science has much to gain from neural network research, just like computer science.

"Η αξιοποίηση των δεδομένων από το AI που μπορούν να εφαρμοστούν για να εξηγήσουν τα ευρήματα στη νευροεπιστήμη και την ψυχολογία κάτι που τονίζει την αξία του κάθε πεδίου στο άλλο", αναφέρει η ομάδα του DeepMind. "Προχωρώντας, αναμένουμε πολλά οφέλη και από την αντίθετη κατεύθυνση, έχοντας οδηγίες από την συγκεκριμένη οργάνωση κυκλωμάτων του εγκεφάλου για τον σχεδιασμό νέων μοντέλων που μαθαίνουν από ενισχυμένα AI".

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Written by giorgos

George still wonders what he's doing here ...

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