What if future artificial intelligence could predict future events several days in advance? The United States is experimenting with this scenario.
Scenario that first it became a movie and apparently inspired the Pentagon hawks. Sounds like one last form of deterrence of a war. A visionary idea that will lead U.S. military commanders and senior politicians to know in advance the most likely scenario that may occur. Both of them quickly adopt her idea introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) in military services.
In July 2021, the North American Aeronautics and Space Administration (NORAD) and the North American Air Force (NORTHCOM) conducted a third series of tests called Global Information Dominance Experiments (GIDE), in collaboration with leaders from 11 administrative forces. The first and second series of tests were performed on December 2020 and March 2021, Respectively.
The tests were designed to be carried out in phases, each of which demonstrates the current ones possibilities of three interrelated AI-enabled tools, called Cosmos, Latex and Gaia.
Gaia provides real-time status awareness for any geographic location, consisting of many different classified and unsorted data sources, such as huge volumes of satellite imagery, communications data, information reports, and a variety of sensor data.
Lattice offers real-time monitoring and threat response options. Cosmos enables strategy and cloud-based collaboration, with many different commands.
Together, these decision-making tools are supposed to predict what opponents will do in advance, allowing U.S. military leaders to anticipate their opponents' actions before any conflict arises.
Such tools, such as the use of artificial intelligence on the battlefield, are particularly attractive to leading military team of the US, as they will prepare them in the future, to make decisions within compressed times.
They also cite many popular issues that sound loud, such as the dominance of information, the supremacy of decisions, the complete deterrence and the joint command and control of all sectors (JADC2).
Σε ομιλία του σε μονοήμερη διάσκεψη της Επιτροπής Εθνικής Ασφάλειας για την Τεχνητή Νοημοσύνη (NACAI), ο Αμερικανός υπουργός Άμυνας, Lloyd Austin υποστήριξε τη σημασία της Τεχνητής Νοημοσύνης για την δυνατότητα μίας ολοκληρωμένης αποτροπής, εκφράζοντας την πρόθεσή του να χρησιμοποιήσει "the right mix of technology, business concepts and capabilities, all intertwined with a web way that is so reliable, flexible and powerful that it will stop any opponent".
These AI platforms are expected to go beyond simply raising awareness and providing better early warning.
They will offer US military leaders what is considered the holy grail of operational planning, producing strategic warning of hostile actions in the gray zone (ie, the political adversarial phase), before any irreversible movement.
Such a development would allow decision-makers to make precautionary choices (rather than reactionary ones, as they used to) and allow for much faster decisions.
Here is a tempting question: What can go wrong?
Everyone knows that in the basic script of science fiction novels and movies that explore the possibilities of artificial intelligence, such as Minority Report, The Forbin Project, War Games etc, there is always something wrong.
The idea is also strangely reminiscent of a Soviet intelligence program, known as RYaN, which was designed to predict a nuclear attack based on data indicators and computational estimates.
Gathering a truly unbiased data set, designed to predict specific results, remains a major challenge, especially for life and death situations and in areas with sparse data availability, such as in a nuclear conflict.
In the 1980s, the KGB wanted to predict the start of a nuclear war, for six months to a whole year νωρίτερα, από μια μεγάλη ποικιλία δεικτών - π.χ. απρογραμμάτιστη μετακίνηση ανώτερων αξιωματούχων, προετοιμασίες της FEMA, στρατιωτικές ασκήσεις και ειδοποιήσεις, προγραμματισμένη συντήρηση όπλων, άρνηση αδειών σε στρατιώτες, εγκρίσεις θεωρήσεων και ταξιδιωτικές πληροφορίες και δραστηριότητες ξένων μυστικών υπηρεσιών των ΗΠΑ.
They even considered her removal of documents related to the American Revolution from public view, ως πιθανό δείκτη πολέμου. Μαζική ποσότητα δεδομένων εισήχθη σε ένα μοντέλο υπολογιστή για να "calculates and monitors the correlation of forces, including military, economic, and psychological factors, to assign probabilities». Findings from Ryan contributed to the Soviet paranoia of a possible nuclear attack from the US in 1983 and almost led their leadership to start a nuclear war.
Although such an idea came long before its time, today's machine learning technologies are now capable of detecting subtle forms in seemingly random data and they could start doing accurate short-term forecasts for opponents. Amid excitement about artificial intelligence-enabled decision-making tools, US defense leaders are hoping to address any concerns, insisting that their adoption will be responsible, that people will remain in control, and that all systems that produce unintended consequences, will be offline.
However, national security experts such as Paul Scharre, Michael Horowitz and many others point out the critical technical hurdles that need to be overcome before the benefits of using artificial intelligence tools outweigh the potential risks.
Although there is already a lot of useful data for linking machine learning algorithms, aggregating a truly unbiased data set designed to predict specific outcomes remains a major challenge, especially for life and death situations and in areas with sparse data, such as a nuclear conflict.
The complexity of the real world offers another major hurdle. To work properly, the machine learning tools require accurate models of how the world works, but their accuracy depends to a large extent on the human understanding of the world and how it evolves.
As such complexity often defies human understanding (a great example Stanislav Gevgrafovich Petrov), artificial intelligence systems are likely to behave in unexpected ways. And even if a machine learning tool overcomes these barriers and works properly, the problem of explanation can prevent policy makers from trusting them if they are unable to understand how the tool produced the various results.
Utilizing artificial intelligence tools to make better decisions is a fact, but using them to anticipation of hostile actions in order to catch them, it is a completely different game.
Except from the creation philosophical questions about free will and inevitability, it is unclear whether any preemptive actions taken in response to anticipated hostile behavior could be perceived by the other side as aggressive and catalyze a war that the former sought to avoid.
